C# is pretty much the language for developing business applications targeting a Windows environment, and it's a leading Web language, as well as gaining ground in game programming with the XNA Framework plugin and easy porting of titles between PC and XBox. According to statistics at TIOBE Software based on recruited positions by employers and advertised programming language skills among developers, C# is currently the number 5 language, behind C, Java, Obj-C and C++.
Objective-C's popularity is driven by the resurgence of Apple technologies, starting around 2006 with the iPhone and iPod Touch, and bleeding back into desktops with OSX in several key development fields such as graphics design, audio production etc. C and C++ have always been must-have languages across the spectrum, especially for "close-to-the-metal" development work like device drivers and performance-critical graphics and calculation-intensive applications, as well as for Linux distros and applications therefore (though Mono, a .NET workalike, is not unheard of in that space). Java's current popularity is tied to that of Android, which has recently overtaken iOS to become the most popular mobile OS on the planet. It's also a popular web language, and not unheard of for desktop development work either (Apache OpenOffice and several other office productivity competitors to Microsoft Office are written in it).
However, most small to medium businesses need one thing from their in-house developers; applications that run on Windows (the dominant OS for business workstations; 80%+ of corporate market share), which allow the user to retrieve and manipulate information from a data storage server (traditionally an in-house DB server, increasingly cloud data services). For many such applications, inter-op with applications installed on the workstation is a must, and that usually precludes an HTML-based intranet application of any language. C# and the .NET Framework excels in this space; the language was designed to produce powerful, inter-operable desktop applications quickly and efficiently.
On top of that, it would be nice to use the same language and libraries of common business logic to create that customer-facing web portal, too; C# and ASP .NET are very common choices here for that reason. The .NET Framework powers about 17% of websites with a known server-side architecture, which puts it at #2 behind a dominant PHP (largely due to the widespread adoption of low-cost PHP "website-in-a-box" products like Joomla, WordPress, Drupal, phpBB, SMF, vBulletin etc which power the overwhelming majority of online discussion forums and blog sites). Anything else on the radar (Servlets/JSP, Python, RoR, Perl, Node.JS) is in the low single digits of not at fractions of a percent of known server architectures.
So yeah, people and companies still use C#. Knowing your stuff in .NET is a hot commodity, so much so that long-term unemployment (jobless > 6 months) among people with significant (3+ years) .NET experience is something like 0.4%, beating the industry average of 2.8%.
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